COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is a contagious illness caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It primarily affects the respiratory system, but it has been shown to impact other organs as well, including the heart, kidneys, and brain. The disease presents a wide range of symptoms — from mild cold-like symptoms to severe respiratory distress, and in some cases, can be fatal. The virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or breathes. It can also spread by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the mouth, nose, or eyes. COVID-19 symptoms can range from mild to severe and may appear 2–14 days after exposure. Common symptoms include fever, cough, fatigue, and loss of taste or smell, while severe cases can lead to pneumonia, respiratory failure, and even death. Preventive measures such as wearing masks, physical distancing, hand hygiene, and vaccination have been essential in reducing transmission and protecting communities worldwide.
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